Abstract: (11 Views)
In this paper, we analyze how the idea of universal donors has developed from the classic serological ABO system through to the novel approaches in genomic bioengineering. First, we discuss the existing paradigm of type O blood being used as universal donors and the drawbacks associated with the use of serological matching, particularly in the context of organ transplantation. Then, using a literature review on the latest advancements, we describe new approaches for making universal donors, such as blood group antigen enzymatic conversion and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, which make it possible to produce hypoimmunogenic cells. Main barriers to developing these technologies lie in the balance between T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell immune response, genetic diversity within a population, and implementation of novel bioengineering approaches in a clinical setting.