en زیست شناسی پزشکی Medical Biology مقاله مروری Review Article Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth main cause of cancer death worldwide. Important genes associated with esophageal cancer include FOXO3, AKT, and GSK3&beta;. Excessive FOXO3 expression inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. The expression of AKT is involved in controlling cell growth in tumors. GSK3&beta; activity is higher in cancer tissues. Given the effective role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the initiation and metastasis of cancer, targeting CSCs seems to be a viable option. Various biomarkers such as CD markers are used to separate CSCs from other cells. Another way to separate CSCs is to use serum-free suspension culture. In the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, &beta;-catenin with the E-cadherin membrane forms a complex that causes cell adhesion. Using the genes, signaling pathways, and inhibitors such as Wnt, Notch, YAP1, and Hedgehog inhibitors involved in this cancer and isolating CSCs can be considered as effective options for therapeutic purposes.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p> Esophageal Cancer, Signaling Pathway, Cancer Stem cell, Gene Expression 1 15 http://modernmedlab.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-84-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nafise Etaatifard N.etaatifard77@yahoo.com 10031947532846001435 10031947532846001435 No Department of biology, college of science, University of science and culture, ACECR, Tehran branch, Iran Nastaran Sahraei nastaran.sahraei77@yahoo.com 10031947532846001436 10031947532846001436 No Department of biology, college of science, University of science and culture, ACECR, Tehran branch, Iran Mehdi Ahmadifar mehdi_ahmadifar67@yahoo.com 10031947532846001437 10031947532846001437 Yes Department of biology, college of science, University of science and culture, ACECR, Tehran branch, Iran